CORESTA (Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco)
Even the most healthy of kidneys can be put at risk by smoking
Several international guidelines (from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the New Zealand Ministry of Health, the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, and the Haute Authorit de Sant de France) advise that e-cigarettes may be used for cessation in certain cases but that information should be provided on the risks and uncertainties, including that e-cigarettes are not licensed medicines in most jurisdictions, and that there is a lack of evidence on long-term harms.95 , 97 99 The Australian and French guidelines suggest that other therapies should be considered first.97 , 99 The United States Preventive Services Task Force judged that the evidence on e-cigarettes was insufficient and recommends directing patients to interventions with proven effectiveness and safety.94 Gaps in knowledge Large comparative trials101 will likely refine future recommendations
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Among participants who were light (10 CPD) or moderate smokers (1120 CPD), the risks of African American and Native Hawaiian smokers were significantly greater than those of smokers in the other ethnic/racial groups
With American brands, cigarettes from a soft pack are usually a few millimeters longer than their hard-boxed counterparts
