Nonetheless, hypoxia-induced stabilization of HIF is essential for intestinal homeostasis owing to its regulatory role in the transcription of barrier-protective genes, mucin secretion, antimicrobial peptide synthesis, nucleotide signaling, iron metabolism, and metabolic genes including hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, aldolase, phosphofructokinase, and phosphoglycerate kinase, among others 73,80
Though controversial in longevity medicine, its systemic regenerative effects are well-documented in deficient populations
(2021) 11:e041947
Ailments like anemia and undergone gastrointestinal surgery patients also will not have absorption ability
The choice depends on the patients health, how bad the deficiency is, and the doctors advice
Inhibition of this enzyme can lead to pellagra, which, in these cases, may present with cerebellar signs, myoclonus, and ataxia (55)