These reactive oxygen species (ROS) are typically a by-product of normal cellular metabolism but can cause significant damage when their levels become too high
It works by inhibiting melanin production
62 These molecular events typically include those related to stress responses within the cell, such as DNA repair, epigenetic regulation, protein homeostasis, metabolic regulation, and the modulation of the extracellular microenvironment
Second, instead of mediating the cutting of mRNA transcripts, ASOs can also be designed to target and hybridize with inhibitory elements in the 5 UTR region of the mRNA transcript
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The latter represents an important aspect of oxidative damage as it leads to alteration of membrane structure and barrier function [14]