Both are used off-label in clinical peptide therapy protocols
Brown & Glesby, 2023)
Astaxanthin may help reduce oxidative stress at the cellular level, lutein is concentrated in the retina and may help filter high-energy blue light to support normal vision, and L-glutathione supports intracellular antioxidant balance and overall cellular protection
In contrast, chronic diabetes pertains to the long-term complications of the disease [40,41,42], such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy
It is also related to other benefits like athletic endurance, weight loss through burning fat, and heart health
4.2 Animals Approximately six-week-old SD rats weighing approximately 220 g were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd