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Hypercholesterolemia decreases nitric oxide production by promoting the interaction of caveolin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase

10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.007 13

They have weak binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and still directly suppress and interact with mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC)

Oxidative stress profoundly shapes the tumor immune microenvironment by inducing T-cell exhaustion and promoting immune exclusion

Annexin A5 regulates hepatic macrophage polarization via directly targeting PKM2 and ameliorates NASH

Important caveat: human evidence for DSIP is limited and dated , and decades of study never reached regulatory approval